How to implement Polylang functions in my theme's php file?

I am translating a site with Polylang that was created by someone else using a custom theme. Some strings couldn't be found by Polylang, so I need to manually register them for Polylang to see. Now, some of the strings were pretty easy to translate using __():

    $args = shortcode_atts([
    'link'      = 'service',
    'text'      = __('Get the code now!'),
    'title'     = __('Code'),
    'id'        = '',
    'class'     = 'width300',
], $args, '' );

But I don't know how to translate strings in these scenarios:

        $popup = do_shortcode('[popup id=110 link=vacancy class= title=Code text=Get the code now!! ]');

or here words Details, Close

        $script = ' 
        script
            $(document).ready(function(){
                btn = $(\'.add_vakan_info\'),
                popup = $(\'.add_popup\');

                btn.click(function(){
                    var block_info  = $(this).closest(\'.vacancy\').find(\'.content\');
                    if(block_info.hasClass(\'active\')){
                        block_info.removeClass(\'active\');
                        $(this).html(\'Details i class=las la-angle-down/i\');
                    }else{
                        block_info.addClass(\'active\');
                        $(this).html(\'Close i class=las la-angle-up/i\');
                    }
                })
                popup.click(function(){
                    var text = $(this).closest(\'.vacancy\').find(\'.title\').text(),
                        form = $(\'.vacancy_name\');
                    form.val(text);
                })
                FileInput();
            })
        /script';

or

    else:
    $html = 'h4No vacancy /h4';

or

                div class=content col
                div class=sp-20/div
                h4Description/h4
                '.$description.'

                div class=sp-20/div
                h4Requirements/h4
                '.$requirements.'

                div class=sp-20/div
                h4Conditions/h4
                '.$conditions.'