How to predict the winner of a future sports match?

Generally match prediction (across sports) relies strongly on feature engineering. There are 3 types of features being used:

1. Basic features, e.g. team names, type of tournament, current team rank, odds incl. implied probabilities
2. Lag features, e.g. previous winner of this matchup, win rates per team, days since last match per team
3. Complex features, e.g. ELO scores, PI ratings, running scores

Which features are most important is specific to the type of sports, e.g. in football "days since last match" is quite important but less so in esports. The 3rd group has usually the highest predictive value and is crucial (besides odds by professional bet providers). Moreover, text-based features, e.g. based on social media, can have strong predictive power too.

Model-wise gradient boosted decision trees and neural networks are among the most successful models for match prediction.

I recommend reading some of the relevant papers, e.g. for cricket specifically:

Increased Prediction Accuracy in the Game of Cricket using Machine Learning

The Cricket Winner Prediction With Application Of Machine Learning And Data Analytics

Predicting The Cricket Match Outcome Using Crowd Opinions On Social Networks: A Comparative Study Of Machine Learning Methods

I'll answer your second question first!

Lets take the example of IPL. For you to predict which team will win a match/tournament, you would need to build a multiclass classification model. The output of which can be one of teams mentioned in the data. For example you can have a dataset where 2 of the features are the 2 teams participating and the model will predict which one will win. There are tons of classification model you can use for this purpose a list of which is provided here. The link provides all the available algorithms for classification and regression.

Now for your first question, Yes you are right as you cannot include data like which team scored how many runs as you will not have that info available before a match so the obvious step would be to include any kind of data that might be available prior to a match.

You would need any kind of data of the particular teams participating in a match. For example for the match Chennai Superkings vs Delhi Capitals, you would need past match stats of both the teams. You would need to collect all and any kind of past stats from previous IPL's some of which can be who won the toss, who chose batting/bowling first, pitch conditions, weather conditions, weather dew is present or not, which team has the purple cap/orange cap holder etc. All these kinds of stats are available before a match starts.