I bought my HP35 in 1972, one of the first HP35s made. It has The Bug, that is, it says that antilog of 1/2 [log of (1.01) squared] = 1. My husband's HP35, bought a month or so later does not have The Bug. I still routinely use my HP35. Ergonomically, it is superb and unlike newer models, it is not cluttered with (what I consider to be) marginally useful functions. My question is: How rare is a working HP35 …
Simple question, but I can't really find the answer to that: Who "invented" Boolean Retrieval? Of course, I assume that the concept grew over time, but is there a paper or publication that mentions/defines the Boolean Model as a whole for the first time? On Wikipedia, the book by Lancaster and Fayen (1973) is cited, but I couldn't find any definition in there, either.
Background The framework scikit-learn uses "predict" for the application of model on (new) input data and I have seen many people use that term. In the scientific papers that I have read (and I read a lot, doing foundational research at university, but mostly in the area of unsupervised learning), the word "predict" seems not really that prevalent. Looking up the word, it seems to me, that predict has a strong connotation about saying something about the future, but very …
I list the references that I found so far. Shortly, the first appearance of the term was in 1670, first appearance in in close meaning was in 1827, first appearance in a biological paper was in 1923 and first appearance in statistics was in 1935. However, the references indicate that there are gaps in this chronology. Earliest reference I found was The flying pen-man; or, The art of short-writing by William Hopkins (teacher of stenography.) in 1670. However, it is …
I would like to know how data generation has evolved through the years. My end goal would be to generate a logarithmic line plot showing the ridiculous increase in data generation. Please, does someone have a reference for this? I couldn't find any. It's OK if you point me to a book (available on eBay) that has this information. Thanks! Edit: when I talk about data generation, I talk about combined information generated by both machines and humans. I know …
Powerful techniques are sometimes rediscovered by various disciplines at different points in time, because the particular scientific fields do not overlap or interact. A couple of ML researchers have pointed out, that the back-propagation (Rumelhart et al, 1986) algorithm (a solution to credit-assignment) has been rediscovered by many fields. In what other fields is backprop used? Under which names and in which context?
Historical background: Hugo Steinhaus can be considered as an early father of data science. He authored the paper Sur la division des corps matériels en parties, Bulletin de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences, 1956. The title could read "On the division of material bodies into parts" in English. As the original paper is hard to obtain, the above link is a retranscription from latex that I made in the summer. It is considered as one of the first known origins of …
What does the term "Intelligence" originally stand for in "Business Intelligence" ? Does it mean as used in "Artificial Intelligence" or as used in "Intelligence Agency" ? In other words, does "Business Intelligence" mean: "Acting smart & intelligently in business" or "Gathering data and information about the business" ? This question was the topic of a debate among some fellows in our data-science team, so I thought to ask about it from other experts. One might say that both meanings …